DrawWing

DrawWing is scientific software for automatic measurements of insects wings. It can be used by beekeepers for discrimination of honeybee subspecies.

Download

DrawWing version 0.43

Installation

Unzip the DrawWing-0.43.zip archive.

Using the program

Single file analysed automatically

  1. Run DrawWing.exe.
  2. Open wing image.
  3. Analyse wing image.
  4. Open .dw.png file (standard wing image) saved in the same directory as the original wing image. Now you can see the detected landmark and if needed correct their position. The corrected data need to be saved .
  5. You can view coordinates of the landmarks and calculate the indexes used by honeybee breeders by View->Current file data and View->Apis indexes.

Directory of files analysed automatically

  1. Run DrawWing.exe.
  2. Analyse directory of wing images.
  3. Open directory of .dw.png files (standard wing images). View the landmarks, correct and save them. Navigate between images by using next image or previous image .
  4. You can view Data from directory or Indexes from directory.

Single file analysed step by step

  1. Run DrawWing.exe.
  2. Check the Step by step checkbox.
  3. Open wing image.
  4. Analyse wing image.
  5. You will be asked about the wing outline threshold. Adjust the threshold in such a way that the wing is black on white background.
  6. You will be asked about the venation threshold. Adjust the threshold in such a way that the wing venation is black on white background.
  7. View the landmarks, correct and save them.
  8. Go to the next wing if there is one in the analyse image.

If you have any problems with using the software please let me know by sending an email to: rotofils@cyf-kr.edu.pl

Wing image

DrawWing opens images in following formats: PNG, BMP, JPG,  XPM. I prefer PNG because of its very good compression without loss of quality. Here I use JPG images because of their smaller size. If your scanner is saving images only in TIF format you can use tiff2png software for conversion.

Resolution of the image should be at least 2400x2400 dpi. If the information about resolution is not included in the image user needs to provide this information. Without correct information about resolution DrawWing will not function correctly.

The image should contain one or more honeybee forewings. The wings cannot overlap each other. Smaller hind wings at the moment are not detected by DrawWing.

The image needs to be of relatively high quality. When tape is used to fix the wings to glass the quality is usually low. I mount the wings into glass photographic frames and I scan them using Nikon Coolscan 5000 ED scanner equipped with SF-210 slide feeder.

wing000471.jpg - honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) wings

Example image of honeybee Apis mellifera carnica wings.

Results

All forewings detected in the image are cropped out and saved in separate standard wing images with extension .dw.png. In the standard wing images the wings are rotated to standard position. The right wings are flipped horizontally. The standard wing images are saved in the same directory as the source image. The filenames are numbered consecutively and contain information if it is left "L" o right "R" wing. In the example image wing000471.jpg two forewings were found: wing000471_0L.dw.png and wing000471_1R.dw.png.

wing000471_0L.dw.png - standard wing image of left honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) wing
Standard wing image of left honeybee (A. m. carnica) wing.

wing000471_1R.dw.png - standard wing image of right honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) wing
Standard wing image of right honeybee (A. m. carnica) wing with vein junctions numbered.

The wings measurements are displayed in separate window.

C:/wings/wing000471.jpg                   <-- file name (including path) of analysed image

wing000471_0L.dw.png                      <-- file name of created standard wing image

#[ 0]: ( 214, 139 ), 4.271, 0.073, 2.761  <-|

#[ 1]: ( 231, 141 ), 5.730, 3.321, 1.071    |

#[ 2]: ( 291, 59 ), 3.708, 5.934, 2.267     |

#[ 3]: ( 280, 114 ), 5.086, 0.018, 2.549    |

#[ 4]: ( 289, 199 ), 3.968, 6.068, 2.257    |

#[ 5]: ( 358, 54 ), 5.903, 2.345, 3.666     |

#[ 6]: ( 405, 26 ), 3.714, 5.872, 1.751     |

#[ 7]: ( 396, 42 ), 5.411, 2.997, 0.874     |

#[ 8]: ( 435, 76 ), 4.096, 6.175, 2.478     | data about vein junctions

#[ 9]: ( 401, 99 ), 5.716, 1.238, 3.391     |

#[ 10]: ( 443, 131 ), 3.641, 5.743, 1.715   |

#[ 11]: ( 447, 171 ), 3.015, 5.305, 1.071   |

#[ 12]: ( 464, 202 ), 6.121, 4.120, 2.105   |

#[ 13]: ( 482, 33 ), 3.568, 1.391, 5.934    |

#[ 14]: ( 511, 62 ), 4.008, 0.316, 2.628    |

#[ 15]: ( 597, 104 ), 4.018, 2.671, 0.180   |

#[ 16]: ( 633, 107 ), 5.827, 3.391, 1.129   |

#[ 17]: ( 645, 134 ), 0.127, 4.199, 2.537   |

#[ 18]: ( 91, 67 )                        <-|

width 303                                 <-- wing width in pixels

cubital_index 3.268                       <-|

precubital_index 2.789                      | indexes used by beekeepers

Hantel_index 0.3585                         |

discoidal_shift 7.321                     <-|

 

wing000471_1R.dw.png

#[ 0]: ( 204, 142 ), 4.396, 0.180, 2.433

#[ 1]: ( 222, 144 ), 5.784, 3.304, 1.017

#[ 2]: ( 280, 60 ), 6.034, 3.583, 2.042

#[ 3]: ( 271, 116 ), 4.927, 0.054, 2.434

#[ 4]: ( 279, 200 ), 3.948, 6.139, 2.257

#[ 5]: ( 345, 54 ), 5.951, 2.224, 3.458

#[ 6]: ( 393, 26 ), 3.789, 5.857, 1.757

#[ 7]: ( 382, 42 ), 5.516, 2.927, 0.748

#[ 8]: ( 424, 73 ), 3.958, 0.036, 2.345

#[ 9]: ( 386, 100 ), 5.691, 1.086, 3.286

#[ 10]: ( 431, 131 ), 3.639, 5.842, 1.534

#[ 11]: ( 437, 171 ), 5.193, 3.015, 1.030

#[ 12]: ( 455, 201 ), 4.120, 6.051, 2.138

#[ 13]: ( 478, 35 ), 3.583, 1.409, 5.887

#[ 14]: ( 502, 61 ), 3.827, 0.540, 2.601

#[ 15]: ( 585, 104 ), 4.066, 2.685, 0.266

#[ 16]: ( 618, 107 ), 5.967, 3.232, 1.288

#[ 17]: ( 631, 134 ), 0.127, 4.213, 2.513

#[ 18]: ( 80, 64 )

width 302

cubital_index 3.116

precubital_index 2.734

Hantel_index 0.3658

discoidal_shift 6.411

The format of the vein junctions data:

#[ 0]: ( 214, 139 ), 4.271, 0.073, 2.761
_____    ________    ___________________
  |         |                |
  |         |                |-> angles at which veins approach vein junctions
  |         |              
  |         |-> coordinates of the vein junction                
  |
  |-> number of the vein junction

 The coordinates and angles are in bitmap coordinate system - (0,0) point is in the upper left corner of the image. The angles are in radians: 0 = right, 1.57 = down, 3.14 =  left, 4.71 = up.

Coordinates of the vein junctions in Cartesian coordinate system are saved in a text file with extension .tps, which can be used with  TPS software. Description of the TPS format can be found in documentation of the TPS software.

Other options

The standard wing images can be converted to a wing diagram using Wing diagram.

wing diagram generated from honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) wing wing000471_1R.dw.png

Wing diagram of honeybee (A. m. carnica).

You can analyse all image files from a directory using Analyse directory.

History

version 0.43 (25/09/2007) junction #18 visible even if not found. Many thanks to Usman H Dukku and LACOSTE for leting me know about this bug.

version 0.42 (05/07/2007) small changes of GUI, corrected classification of honeybees, new CSV export.

version 0.41 (02/07/2007) improved GUI, fixed Hantel index error, fixed JPG problem. Many thanks to Peter Edwards for reporting the problems.

versions 0.12 and older were licensed under GPL.
Tofilski A. 2004. DrawWing, a program for numerical description of insect wings. Journal of Insect Science, 4:17, 5pp. Available online: insectscience.org/4.17
Linux download drawwing-0.12.tar.gz
Windows download drawwing-0.12.zip

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Last updated 25/09/2007