Fizjologia Krwi cz. VII

Bogdan Koczanowski Ph.D.

1. is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting.

a) Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator)
b) PGI2
c) Thrombin
d) PF3

2. What is the average normal pH of blood?

a) 7.4
b) 8.4
c) 7.8
d) 4.7

3. Together, leukocytes and platelets comprise approximately percent of total blood volume.

a) 45
b) 10
c) 1
d) 75

4. Which blood type is called the universal donor?

a) A
b) AB
c) O
d) B

5. Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?

a) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
b) prevention of blood loss
c) transport of metabolic wastes from cells
d) delivery of oxygen to body cells

6. Which of the following is a protective function of blood?

a) maintenance of adequate fluid volume
b) maintenance of normal pH in body tissue
c) prevention of blood loss
d) maintenance of body temperature

7. Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis?

a) synthesis of hemoglobin
b) production of vacuolesc. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus
c) production of ribosomes

8. Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

a) an increased number of RBCs
b) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
c) moving to a lower altitude
d) decreased tissue demand for oxygen

9. As red blood cells age .

a) ATP production increases
b) iron will be excreted by the kidneys
c) they will eventually be excreted by the digestive system
d) membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged

10. An individual who is blood type AB negative .

a) can receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O
b) can donate to all blood types in moderate amounts
c) can donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O
d) can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

11. The most abundant plasma protein is .

a) bile
b) clotting protein
c) globulin
d) albumin

12. When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type .

a) AB
b) B
c) A
d) O

13. Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation.

a) The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver.
b) Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation.
c) Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation.
d) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.

14. Blood volume restorers include all of the following except .

a) packed cells
b) albumin
c) dextran
d) saline solutions

15. James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is .

a) within the normal range
b) abnormally low
c) above normal
d) normal only if James is an infant

16. Which of these is not a normal plasma protein?

a) thromboplastin
b) albumin
c) gamma globulin
d) fibrinogen

17. All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except .

a) high hematocrit
b) high blood pressure
c) increased blood volume
d) low blood viscosity

18. No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in .

a) basophils
b) monocytes
c) eosinophils
d) neutrophils

19. Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

a) platelet plug formation
b) coagulation
c) fibrinolysis
d) vascular spasm

20. Which of the following are not currently known red blood cell antigens?

a) Lewis
b) Carson
c) Duffy
d) Kell

21. Place the following in correct developmental sequence:1. reticulocyte2. Proerythroblast 3. Normoblast 4. late erythroblast

a) 2, 4, 3, 1
b) 1, 3, 2, 4
c) 1, 2, 3, 4
d) 2, 1, 3, 4

22. A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of .

a) pernicious anemia
b) polycythemia
c) sickle-cell anemia
d) aplastic anemia

23. The slowest step in the clotting process is .

a) formation of prothrombin activator
b) release of PF3
c) binding fibrin strands
d) production of fibrin strands

24. Thromboembolic disorders .

a) result in uncontrolled bleeding
b) include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vessel
c) are caused by vitamin K deficiency
d) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system

25. Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?

a) vitamin K deficiency
b) thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets
c) a defect in the clotting cascade
d) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

26. Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

a) They are nucleated.
b) They have cytoplasmic granules.
c) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood.
d) They are phagocytic.

27. Which of the following is true about blood plasma?

a) It is about 90% water.
b) It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins.
c) The main protein component is hemoglobin.
d) It contains about 20 dissolved components.

28. Platelets .

a) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
b) are the precursors of leukocytes
c) have a life span of about 120 days
d) have multiple nuclei

29. Which sequence is correct for the following events?1. fibrinogen → fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin → thrombin

a) 4, 3, 1, 2
b) 3, 4, 1, 2
c) 3, 2, 1, 4
d) 1, 2, 3, 4

30. Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?

a) His blood lacks Rh factor.
b) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
c) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.
d) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.

31. Which of the following is a precursor of a basophil?

a) myeloblast
b) monoblast
c) lymphoblast
d) megakaryoblast

32. Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by .

a) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise
b) vigorous exercise
c) malaria and travel at high altitude
d) travel at high altitude

33. All of the following conditions impair coagulation except .

a) liver disease
b) vascular spasm
c) severe hypocalcemia
d) vitamin K deficiency

34. When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?

a) if the child is type O positive
b) if the child is (Rh+)
c) if the father is (Rh-)
d) if the father is (Rh+)

35. Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include .

a) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
b) bleeding disorders
c) suppressed immunity
d) impaired formation of all formed elements

36. Blood is a .

a) suspension
b) homogeneous compound
c) heterogenous compound
d) colloid

37. What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Kidney
d) Brain

38. The shelf life of whole collected blood at 4° C is about days.

a) 35
b) 55
c) 120
d) 206

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